Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay This chapter deals with the review of Literatures and Studies. It also presents the synthesis of the review and its relevance to the present study. Related Literature AMA student Kariz Reinalyn B. Galano (et. al. Don Ricardo C. Lazaro, Rozmaigne Ann L. Sebastian, Kevin Patrick E. Viesca) (2012) cited in their approved thesis proposal at present ACLC has three hundred sixty five students enrolled. The institution is currently using a manual system in their Library and has weak security. Students can borrow books but need to return it within 5 school days. There is no proper monitoring on books being returned. There are no penalties imposed to the students as well. The only way the librarian will find out if there are still pending books not returned is during the end of semester at the inventory period. The librarian then will not sign the clearance of the students who failed to return the books. Another problem is the list of inventory of books. The students need to go and ask for the librarian’s assistance in order for them to search for the books. Karen Foss (2010), Library Director of the Catawba County Library System in Newton, North Carolina has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Most of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries. The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions – strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service. Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditional counterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management and leadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. According to Alvin javelosa (2011) library is a collection of books, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. The term library has itself acquired a secondary meaning: a collection of useful material for common use, and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. this study will help the library personnel or the librarian in monitoring the books accurately. Further, the use of cataloguing will be made easier through an advance system provided by this study. The librarian is encountering problems in doing transactions like borrowing books, checking the availability of books, returning and accessioning of books because all the transactions are being done manually. The process is time consuming. This proposed system will provide their library a computerized system making it more organized and easy to access. The advantage of this study is to make their current system more effective and efficient. This computerized library system is a transaction processing system (TPS) that will provide a convenient cataloguing, inventory, monitoring, accessioning, borrowing, returning, security and retrieving of records. html) According to Mohd Fairuz Anwar Bin Mahadi (2005), The Library management system will store all the books and members information that consist book number, book title, author name and racks to the system database. The system also provides search function to help students find the book by number of book. Search functions will search through the books database to look for the book and view where the book is situated. For the administrator user, only librarians have access to view or edit data from the system databases. Administrator user will handle administrative functions such create new LMS user account and decide the number of days allowed for the borrowed books. User needs to enter correct password and user id before user can access this function. From here, user can add, delete or update the book and borrower database. (http://library. utem. edu. my/index2. php? option=com_docmantask=doc_viewgid=3761Itemid=208) According to Donna M. Salinas (2010) Library is the best place in the school where the students review and study. It is the place where students study so our group aims to improve the manual operation of the library system. We thought of something that makes the time of students and library personnel decreases for searching and borrowing of books. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/56632694/library-system) Related Studies: According to Shelagh (2001) Fisher library management system is becoming marginalized in the context of ICT developments currently taking place within the library sector because suppliers have failed to keep up with such developments, or have been more concerned with keeping up with the changes in the core functions. The aim of this research, therefore, was to determine the feasibility of developing and disseminating a model system specification which could be used to assist and guide libraries in the procurement of library management systems. The premise was that if a core set of requirements for library management systems, as articulated by purchasing libraries, could be identified, it followed that it would be feasible to develop a model specification or ‘toolkit’ on which procuring libraries could draw. Identification of a potential core set of requirements could be identified primarily by undertaking analyses of  specifications produced by libraries for the tendering process in acquiring a library management system. Thus forty-one specifications were collected from libraries which had recently acquired a library management system, and these were subjected to various levels of analysis. The results are reported in Section 4. Secondly, it was decided that as library system suppliers were in receipt of large numbers of specifications produced by procuring library authorities they were in a strong position to comment on the feasibility, and desirability, of developing a model specification. Thus, a survey of UK system suppliers was undertaken to determine the collective view of suppliers on the role, content, quality and usefulness of the specification as a procurement tool. The results of the survey are reported in Section 5. A detailed account of the methods used in this Study is provided in Section 3. The next section (Section 2) provides a review of the literature on the role and content of specifications, and identifies weaknesses in approaches to producing specifications for the purchase of library systems. (et. al. Rachel Delbridge, Sian Lambert) (http://www. cerlim. ac. uk/projects/harmonise/harmonise. pdf) According to Veronica Adamson (2008) Changes in society and technology are impacting significantly on UK HE libraries and consequently on their management systems. Demographic changes, political and economic drivers are affecting university services and funding structures, and a ‘new realism’ of pragmatic economic and business considerations presides. (JISC SCONUL LMS Study Report, March 2008) Library management systems have developed in response to technical advances and user requirements, mainly in developing electronic interfaces, refining standards and access protocols, purchasing and acquisition processes and cataloguing systems. Increasing globalization of goods, services and communities means that technical platforms are now developed on an international basis and implemented for a worldwide network of users and contributors. A new market for library services and information provision has emerged, with Google and Amazon as a de facto paradigm and metaphor for discovery and delivery. Perceptions of the role and function of the university library are changing, developing and often conflicting, particularly in relation to the provision for collection and circulation, resource discovery, ownership and control, personalization  and seamless access to resources. Enhancing usability and accessibility for an increasingly diverse user community is of increasing importance for libraries. Today’s library users expect speed and immediacy of information discovery, one-stop access to aggregated services, user-generated open content, and personalized, workflow-related delivery to the desktop. (et. al. Paul Bacsich, Ken Chad, David Kay, Jane Plenderleith) (http://www. jisc. ac. uk/media/documents/programmes/resourcediscovery/lmsstudy. pdf) According to Herrera C Rocio (1987) the work habits of users in any activity requiring information, the importance they attach to obtaining it and the facilities at their disposal, their knowledge of these facilities, their assessment of their value and the possibility of their obtaining what they are looking for are the factors that affect user behaviour in the quest for information. The behaviour of the users of university libraries specifically is affected, in addition to the above factors, by others directly related to the university environment, such as teaching methods and the type of education provided. The countrys education system is a teaching-learning process largly consisting in an essentially repetitive pattern in which the student consumes and reproduces the concepts transmitted by the teacher. This model is mainly based on the university lecture system, in which the teacher simply gives a course of study and provides the pupil with a brief bibliography consisting basically of texts. The result has been that education has not become a critical and creative process and library resources have accordingly been under-utilized. As regards the response to the information services provided by university libraries, it can be said that research workers do not use the services properly since the role of the library as an agent for the transfer of information has been disregarded in the research process, this type of user tending to acquire information through informal channels of communication, such as personal contacts with other colleagues. In its turn, the library has neglected its task as a constituent part of the research enterprise, forgetting that one of the priorities of the university, in addition to its teaching role, is that of research, which is the source of much knowledge of benefit not only to the university but also to the community in general. The university library should pay special attention to ascertaining not only the specific information needs of each type of user but also user behaviour patterns in the information retrieval process, in order that these needs may be met and the factors responsible for the non-use of the library restricted to a minimum. This will be achieved through an appropriate methodology for conducting user studies, which will then provide guidelines for the organization of user training or instruction courses aimed at the various groups. These courses will influence the future response of users to information services. Since user behaviour in the information retrieval process determines the level of library-user interaction, continual monitoring by the librarian of changes in that behaviour is necessary. These changes are dependent not only on information needs but also on the possible impact of the introduction of new services. This shows that, over and above the matter of training in the use of library resources, user behaviour presents a number of special features, largely reflecting the fact that the information needs of those concerned are not well defined and that their request for information are consequently vague and very general. It follows that library staff should bear in mind their active role in promoting and publicizing their services and resources since, despite the continual emphasis placed on the role of information in development, it has been shown that users tend to dispense with non-essential information, the usual practice being to rely on memory, to evade the problem or to solve it with vague or incomplete information. However, it should not be overlooked that there is another group of users who consult libraries actively and effectively in order to satisfy their information needs; although accessibility influences the use that they make of resources, the most important thing for this group is their confidence and faith in the information system. (c Loreto M. Libia and Rua R. Ivan) (http://www. unesco. org/webworld/ramp/html/r8722e/r8722e0l. htm) According Neelakdan,B (2010) a sincere attempt has been made towards finding out ways and means for automating activities in the School of Chemistry Library. The objective of this study is to use the Koha Open Source software system for the automation of the major day ­ to ­day activities of the various section of the School of Chemistry Library, which is tiresome and cumbersome. After the investigation, the researcher has found that Koha Software is more suitable for the library Automation. This project had the basic objective of designing a bibliographic database for the School of Chemistry library, with which the automation of circulation routines is carried out. From this point of view it may be concluded that Koha is a useful package for the creation of a database and for information retrieval. This set of Manuals for the automation of circulation section is tested with the database created from the collection of chemistry department library. A sample database for a few thousand works and a database of the users/borrowers are created. With that test sample the Manuals for each function of the circulation section is tested with the available computer system. Koha is an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries. It is found that this automation projects will serve as a model for any library. (http://www. ipublishing. co. in/jarvol1no12010/EIJAER1014. pdf) According to Dio P. Doble (2011) A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement of its library. The Botolan Community College Computerized Library System aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the library, i,e. , leading of books, storing of books, search engine for books, manage members of the library and secure the library system. The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference materials. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/99431218/Computerized-Library-System)

Aspects Of A Vehicle Clutch System

Aspects Of A Vehicle Clutch System P1 P2: Demonstrate the knowledge understanding of the fundamental aspects of a vehicle clutch system. A clutch connects disconnects one rotating mechanical component from another: a clutch transmits torque from the engine to transmission. Most light vehicle use a single plate clutch to transmit torque from the engine to the transmission input shaft, the fly wheel is the clutch driving member. The clutch unit consists of a friction type disc with two friction facings a central splined hub. A pressure plate assembly consists of pressed steel cover with a segmented diaphragm spring a release bearing with a selector fork. The amount of torque a clutch can transmit depends on the co-efficient of the friction between the friction facings their mating surface, thus increasing the diameter of the clutch increases it torque capacity as does increasing the spring force. The transmission input shaft passes through the centre of the pressure plate. Its parallel spleens engage with the internal splines of the central hub, on the friction disc allowing torque to be transmitted from the flywheel, through the friction disc to the central hub to the transmission. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the movement is transferred though the operating mechanism (this being cable, hydraulic or electronic system), to the operating fork release bearing, the depressing movement acts on the releasing bearing moving it forward pushes the centre of the diaphragm spring towards the flywheel, the pressure plate disengages, thus drive is no longer transmitted. Releasing the pedal allows the diaphragm to re-apply it clamping force thus engaging the clutch thus restoring drive. This control is necessary when placing the transmission into gear; the transmission input shaft must be disconnected from the engine. Types Of Clutches: Single Plate Transmission Most modern vehicles use single plate clutch system to transmit torque from the engine to the transmission input shaft, the clutch unit is mounted on the flywheel, allowing the unit to rotate with the flywheel. A single plate clutch unit usually consists of a friction plate with 2 friction facing a central splined hub, a pressure plate assembly which consists of a pressed steel cover, a pressure plate with a machined flat face, a diaphragm spring, release bearing release fork. Pressure Plate: It mounts on the flywheel. It consists of four main parts is more correctly called a clutch cover assembly. These parts are the pressure plate itself, the springs (or spring, if a diaphragm type), the clutch cover, the release arms. There are two basic designs of clutches usually referred to by the spring type. This diaphragm is located inside the clutch cover on 2 fulcrum rings, held by a number of rivets passing through the diaphragm. The diaphragm type clutch works well in lightweight, low geared vehicles. It is not the best clutch for high RPM use as the diaphragm spring will stay flat or released from the centrifugal force generated by the RPM. Clutch Disc/Friction Plate: This is the driven part of the clutch. It has a friction material riveted to each side of a wavy spring. This is attached to a splined hub that the transmission input gear protrudes into. There are basically two common types of friction material used for clutch lining. These are organic metallic. The organic is best for all around use. The metallic is preferred by some for severe duty applications but requires high spring pressures is hard on the flywheel pressure plate friction surfaces. Clutch Release Bearing: As its name implies, this is the bearing that releases the clutch. Because the release bearing only works when the clutch is being released it usually lasts quite a long time. However, improper linkage adjustment can wear the bearing prematurely. Normally there should be a minimum clearance of 1/16à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  between the face of the bearing the three release fingers or diaphragm spring of the pressure plate when the clutch is engaged. Clutch Release Fork: This is the arm or lever that the linkage operates that moves the release bearing. There are several different styles of release arm. The most common type the can be found in a vehicle is the fork type. Bell housing: This provides a mounting place for the transmission, as well as a means of aligning the transmission to the engine. In some applications it also has a structural mounting function. Operating Mechanism: The movement at the pedal is transferred through an operating mechanism to the clutch assembly; the mechanism may be mechanical or hydraulic. Mechanical system uses a combination of levers cables thus offering more flexibility, thus making this system very common. The cable operated control (Image) for a front wheel drive vehicle; the outer cable is fixed to the pedal to the pedal box inside the vehicle to the clutch housing in the engine compartment, the inner cable connects between the upper end of the clutch pedal an external lever on top of the clutch housing. This lever is connected to a vertical shaft, supported in the housing attached internally to a release fork, which carries the release bearing. In hydraulic clutch control, the pedal acts on a master cylinder, connected by a hydraulic pipe and flexible hose, to a slave cylinder, mounted on the clutch housing. The slave cylinder operates the clutch release fork. This vehicle uses a centre valve master cylinder. With the pedal in the off position, the centre valve is clear of the inlet port and fluid can flow to or from the reservoir, into the cylinder. Dual Clutch Transmission There are two basic types of transmissions, manuals which require a driver to change gears by depressing a clutch pedal, automatics which do the shifting work for drivers using clutches, torque converter sets of planetary gears. But the dual clutch transmission brings the best of manual automatic transmission. A dual clutch transmission offers the function of two manual gearboxes in one, a dual clutch gearbox, uses two clutches but has no clutch pedal, instead electronics hydraulics controls the clutches. Has in result one clutch controls the odd gears (First, Third, Fifth Reverse), which the other controls the even gears (Second, Fourth Sixth), although the gear controls may vary from designs to manufacturers. Gears can be changed without interrupting the power flow from the engine to the transmission. A dual clutch unit usually consists of a friction plate with 2 friction facing a central splined hub, a dual clutch case, pressure plate assembly which consists of a pressed steel cover, a pressure plate with a machined flat face, a diaphragm spring, release bearing release fork. Wet Clutch: Like torque converters, wet clutches use hydraulic pressure to drive the gears. The fluid does its work inside the clutch piston. When the clutch is engaged, hydraulic pressure inside the piston forces a set of coil springs part, which pushes a series of stacked clutch plates and friction discs against a fixed pressure plate. Single Plate Clutch Vs. Dual Clutch Transmission: Single plate clutch offers many advantages drawback over its counterpart dual clutch transmission: Advantages: Low manufacturing costs Lightweight Spare part easily accessible Easy maintenance comparing to dual clutch transmission Reliable due to few components Disadvantages: Unreliable in heavy duty vehicles High clutch wear (requires more slip to pull away from a dead stop) Drop of RPMà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s during quicker up shifts Dual clutch transmission offers many advantages drawback over its counterpart single plate, as listed: Advantages: Very reliable in heavy duty vehicles. Robust system compared to the rack pinion Quick precise gear change without loss of RPMs Improved MPG (miles per gallon) range Disadvantages: Heavier in weight compared to single plate transmission Large amount of components High manufacturing costs Complex in fitting in a vehicle Maintenance required frequently When comparing the two both systems, each system has its advantages drawbacks, but in the end each system has certain properties which are suitable for the vehicle is intended for, but when putting in real world application dual clutch does have some advantages over single plate transmission, due to its ability to improve MPG range, which could be a big factor for manufacturers to opt with dual clutch system over single plate over for high end to sport car, but due to its high manufacturing costs components weight , dual clutch system may take time to take over single plate system has the most common system, so in conclusion the single plate may be good system for possible next five years, but dual clutch may become common after, due to its single highest factor of improved MPG range.

The Relationship Between Confucianism And Buddhism Essay -- Confuciani

â€Å"It is often said that, aside from the impact of Marxism on twentieth-century China, the only other time when the Chinese looked beyond their own borders for intellectual sustenance was during the period when Buddhism was absorbed from India† (LaFleur 23). Why did this religion appeal to the Chinese when they disregarded so many other external influences? After all, being tied to the rest of the world by the Silk Road meant they were constantly inundated with novel concepts from far and wide. The answer must lie in how Buddhism interacted with the other faiths already established in the country, namely Confucianism and Daoism (sometimes spelled Taoism). While at first glance it may appear that Confucian China would be the last place Buddhism would find a niche, it was in fact the combination of Confucianism and Daoism that laid a foundation at least slightly receptive toward this new faith from India. This paper will focus mainly on the interaction between Buddhism and C onfucianism. Buddhism made it to China over land in the first century C.E. from the northwest and by sea in the second century C.E. The main influence, however, came from the northwest via the Silk Road (Zuercher 415). In fact, Buddhism's main avenue of expansion was along trade routes throughout Asia. According to Jason Neelis, trade as a vehicle for the expansion of Buddhism is reflected in the fact that the religion spread in an irregular pattern unlike typical diffusion (Neelis 7). It was the Theravada branch in particular that has been associated with trade. Mahayana, on the other hand focused on the more settled, agricultural lifestyle. Ironically it is this branch that took hold in China. Once trade brought the religion within China’s bor... ...Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012. Web. 6 October. 2012. LaFleur, William R. Buddhism: A Cultural Perspective. Ed. Robert S. Ellwood. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. Neelis, Jason. Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. Leiden: Brill, 2011. Powers, John. Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism. 2nd ed. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 2007. Saunders, Kenneth J. â€Å"Buddhism in China – A Historical Sketch.† The Journal of Religion 3 (1923): 157-69. Shien, Gi-Ming. â€Å"The Epistemology of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.† Philosophy 28 (1953): 260-264. Zuercher, Erik. â€Å"Buddhism in China.† In The Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Mircea Eliade, vol. 2, 414-21. New York: MacMillan, 1987.

The Doctrine of the Indefinite Terms in the Ancient Commentators of Aristotle :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

The Doctrine of the Indefinite Terms in the Ancient Commentators of Aristotle ABSTRACT: The ancient commentaries on Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (De Interpretatione) give us important elements to understand more clearly some difficult passages of this treatise. In the case of the indefinite names and verbs (i.e. 'not-man', and 'does not recover', respectively), these commentaries reveal a doctrine which explains not only the nature of the indefinites, but also why Aristotle introduces these kinds of term in Peri Hermeneias. The coherence and explanatory capacity of this doctrine is entirely absent in modern exegesis of Peri Hermeneias. This fact has important implications: it can make us to think whether there will be another topics in which the ancient commentators are still indispensable to understand Aristotle. It can also make us to think to what extent a profounder reflection of the ancient commentators can modify our idea of Aristotle and the ancient world. I. The labour of translation of and comment on the ancient interpreters of Aristotle, which in our days have been edited by Professor R. Sorabji,(1) has put modern readers in contact with new dimensions of Aristotle's thought. In these ancient commentaries, many of the traditional and well-known doctrines of Aristotle find not only theoretical basis, but also a number of obscure and condensed texts reach an important and valuable elucidation and explanation. The subject-matter that I would like to discuss today is a sample of how these commentators can still contribute to understand Aristotle. I would like to warn, however, that the theme of the indefinite terms is especially illustrative of what I indicate, for the modern comments on this topic have been made without a profounder consideration of the ancient teaching. In my opinion, however, a more reliable and complete explanation about this difficult subject is to be found in the analysis of the ancient view. II. The commentaries of Boethius(2) and Ammonius son of Hermeias(3) contain in a slightly different manner the ancient doctrine of indefinite names and verbs. They explain some questions whose answers are not evident in Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (= PeriH.):(4) namely, (i) why does Aristotle introduce indefinite names and verbs after defining name and verb? I.e. Why does Aristotle consider adequate to define expressions like 'not-man', 'does not recover', etc., once he has defined 'man' and 'recovers' as name and verb respectively? Even more, (ii) why does Aristotle in Chapter 10 of PeriH. leave indefinite verbs aside and introduces only indefinite names in simple (= categorical) propositions?

Greek Mythology Newspaper Headlines

Hello, this is the most exquisite goddess of love and beauty, here to do my beloved job of creating love. So, this week we have advice for the lovely queen of the gods as she requested, but as she would rather not have her true name revealed, she asked to be called CheatedWife1 instead. Now, CheatedWife1, you have come to me saying that your husband Zeus, king of the gods, is a cheater and is always fraternizing with other women, mortal and divine. I must say, this is quite a sad revelation! Well, my advice to you is to try to catch these consorts, and show them just who is queen of the gods and rightful consort of Zeus! That’s it for today so see you next week with another section of advice! May love find you quickly! -AphroditeOlympus NewsThis week on Olympus, we have visiting the mortal Hercules, who will be attending the company of Lady Hera, as he was summoned. Hercules has been a wonder to the mortals, and a source of revenge for the Lady Hera because her husband Zeus is his father, and she isn’t the mother. His many extraordinary feats include: slaying the Nemean Lion, slaying the Hydra, capturing the Erymanthian Boar, slaying the Stymphalian Birds, capturing the Cretan Bull, obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon, steal the apples of the Hesperides, capture and bring back Cerubus, and many more so make sure to respect this mighty hero! Mortal NewsThis week the mortals have been involved in yet another war, one they call the Trojan War because the opposing sides are the city of Troy and the Greeks. Troy had managed to hide behind its high and protective walls for a long while, but eventually the Greeks broke through by sending a small force in the guise of a large wooden horse that they hid inside, then from there allowed the rest of their army entry and took down Troy. It has been confirmed that divine interference was the base cause of this war, although names will not be said in order to avoid a godly war. In other news the demigod Pers eus has managed to slay the hideous gorgon Medusa and take her head, a marvelous victory, for a mortal.SportsAs many of us gods and goddesses are already aware, the Olympic Games are approaching. The mortals have made this a religious event, and will pray to us for our help, but just a reminder: we must not interfere with these games as they are dedicated to Mighty Zeus and so he has decreed such. These games started with finding a priestess for the Lady Hera, but eventually became the event that involves both the mortals and us deities.

Lord of the Flies – Reflection of Society

In society, people have the ability to become violent no matter the personality of the individual. Brutality is in all animal species. The only difference between humans and the animals is the ability of the human mind to control one's thoughts and actions, however, even this ability can be lost if presented with a situation that becomes so stressful or so outrageous that the mind is no longer in control. This is exactly what happens in the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Within this book people will find exactly how brutal a human being can become when the boys are trapped on an island with no other adults with them. This book proves without a doubt that all individuals have the natural capacity for brutality. Jack was already a destructive person before the boys ever became stranded on the island, however, he somehow is driven to kill. Jack was considered a likeable guy that was admired and feared by many. Jack could easily be described as a popular football star or a popular person in today's world. Jack, after not getting his way, decides he will form his own group of boys to be against the other group. This begins the destructive course of society much like it happens today. He takes a group and tries to overthrow the other by force and deception. Roger is just pure evil. A person can only wonder how such a boy could have been on a plane and not in a mental institute. Roger seems to be the one feared mostly for his insanity. The best example of his capacity for brutality occurs when he decides to kill Piggy with a falling boulder. In the beginning of the book, he only tossed rocks at people but never hit them. Now, as time has past, he has lost all control of his mind and now seems only to act on instinct, survival being one of the instincts he follows the most. Piggy and Ralph seem to be the only level headed people on the entire island so it might be hard to conceive them causing harm to anyone or letting their instincts of survival take control of them. However, this is exactly what happened. Ralph's group was so scared that Jack's group may attack them, when Simon came to give them some information, Ralph's group killed him. They only killed Simon because they believed he was from Jack's group or the beast coming to get them. It was not until after they killed Simon that they noticed what had happened. The strangest thing about this is that Ralph and Piggy, the most level headed of the group, participated in killing Simon. Ralph and Piggy, despite their rational behavior, became irrational when they fear the worse. Fear is definitely one of the biggest factors that cause people to take action rather than thinking about the consequences. The only character that can be considered non brutal would have to be Simon. Simon played a very important role in this book because was the one that could see what others could not see. The most ironic twist in the story was when he was killed. Before he met his fate, he was talking with the cut off head of a pig that Jack's group gave to the beast as a sort of â€Å"sacrifice. † The pig told him that the anger within them, the boys on the island, would end up destroying them. As Simon comes back to tell them what he had been told, he was killed by his own group in fear that he was the beast or part of Jack's group. The killing of Simon seemed to symbolize the end of innocence and humanity. The one person that could have saved them all was killed out of instinct and fear. William Golding probably had Simon killed because no one listens. Take a look at today's society. Why would anyone believe in a person that talks to a pig's head for advice? Also, most people today does not or will not stop and listen to those who are trying to help. Once people reach that point of no return, nothing, not even a friend could help them. This seems to be the belief of Golding. Golding has brought out much or his views on life in this book. Lord of the Flies gives a good view on today's society and how society might react in such a situation. The book also gives insight into human nature and what humans are capable of when there is nothing left but fear and survival. With Golding being part of a great war he definitely understands more than most what people will do from the battlefield. All the rules change while on the battlefield just as when the boys were stranded on the island. Golding seems to be leaving a message for all of mankind to see and perhaps a warning of things to come.

To Kill a Mocking Bird- Section One Study Questions

To Kill a Mockingbird – Section One Study Questions. 6) What satirical points are being made about education through Scout's experiences in school? I feel a major satirical point about Scout’s education is the fact that she is ridiculed for learning some place other than school. It’s as if her teacher feels Scout is messing her learning system. She is â€Å"introducing a new way of teaching† one which involves the teacher waving cards at the students with simple words printed on them. Scout begins to write a letter, which the teacher stops her from doing.She also is angry at Scout for writing, because â€Å"you don't learn to write until you're in the third grade. Obviously, she is stopping her from learning more. School is now a place where Scout is told to stop learning. 7) Why does Scout explain Walter Cunningham's situation to Miss Caroline? Scout feels that it is her duty, as her classmates were looking at her expectantly. Scout explains Walter Cunni ngham’s situation because Miss Caroline is not from the area and doesn't understand the â€Å"country folk† or the customs of the county and its people.Walter may be poor, but he's not a beggar and refuses to take the quarter from Miss Caroline because he knows that he can't pay it back. 8) How are Scout and Jem alike? How are they different? Jem is much wiser than scout which makes perfect sense, considering Jem is 4 years older than Scout. He is also better behaved than scout. But they are both alike because they both live under the same circumstances, and they are both afraid of the Radley’s, even though Jem won’t admit it. 9) Describe Burris Ewell. How is he alike and different from the other children?Burris is one of the eight Ewell children. He and his family only go to school for the first day every year, then leave, and are very proud of that. The Ewell Family is very ignorant and poor, and their father is awfully mean and the town drunk. Burris i s incredibly rude, and doesn't know how to be any other way. Even though many of the other children aren’t exactly â€Å"clean†, Burris is far dirtier than all of them. Although, Burris surely doesn’t get enough to eat, like many of the other school children. 10) What is the advice Atticus gives scout and how is it thematically significant?The thematic advice Atticus gives to Scout helps her understand that school is important to success and education, unlike the Ewell's who are rude and don't care about things such as learning. The point that Atticus tries to make is Scout needs to view the situation from every angle, not just hers. 11) What can you infer about Scout and Jem based on their very different reactions to the pennies in the knot-hole? He decided to wait until school starts and ask everybody who they belong to. Jem is careful and honest of the pennies he finds.He tries to explain to Scout that someone has taken care of those pennies. Scout seems to b e relying on Jem’s wisdom, but she does want to keep the pennies. Because when he suggests someone probably left them there intentionally, and they’re probably going to come back for them, she tries to provide a contradicting theory. Such as why would they person have left gum in the knot-hole, if surely it would’ve spoiled? You can infer Scout hasn’t matured much. Her thoughts don’t extend as far as to question the motives of the owners of the objects put in the knot-hole.She seems to be just a simple minded girl. 12) What do the characteristics of children in general are revealed through the Boo Radley game? Why doesn’t scout enjoy the game as much as the boys do? It shows they are ignoring the teaching of their father, which is to always respect others. Always make sure you put yourself in someone else’s shoes. But the children were more engrossed in the childish game. This reflects the immaturity of most citizens in the town, whic h is where the children actually learned such things.Scout is scared the Radley’s will somehow find out about the games they play, which is why she is hesitant. 13) What do we learn about the main characters by their relationships and interactions with Miss Maudie Atkinson? Scout is the closest to Miss Maudie than anyone, and she spends time with her when the boy’s are doing boy things she can’t be apart of. Miss Maudie acts like a mentor to Scout. The boys rarely spend time with Miss Maudie, and Atticus grew up with her. 14) What is significant about Jem’s decision to make a lone, nighttime return to the Radley place?Jem shows signs of maturity when he decides to return to the Radley house alone to retrieve his pants. Not only does he demonstrate courage in going by himself, but he also demonstrates that not disappointing Atticus is more important than his own safety. 15) What is the significant outcome of Jem’s return? Jem returns from the Radley place with his pants, but he hides the fact that they have been mended for a while; he is obviously bothered by it. When Jem finally tells Scout about the pants, he wonders how it is that someone would know he was going to come back for the ants. Jem finding his mended pants is significant because it takes all the ridiculous Radley fantasies and puts them into reality. Jem and Scout have now had real interaction with the people that live in the Radley house. 16) What does the town conclude regarding the disturbance at the Radley place? They automatically assume the intruder was a â€Å"nigger†, not because they actually saw the person, but because if anyone had a desire to commit any crime, it would be assumed to be a black person. This shows how hateful the deep south was at this time towards colored people. 7) What bewildering incidents occur to Jem and Scout? Soap Carvings that remember resemble Scout and Jem appear in the knothole. Then chewing gum, a spelling bee medal, and an old pocket watch. Soon, Jem and Scout find that the knothole has been filled with cement. When Jem asks Mr. Radley about the knothole the following day, Mr. Radley replies that he plugged the knothole because the tree is dying; but when Jem asked Atticus about the tree, he claims the tree shows no signs of death. 18) Why is it significant that Jem has been crying?Because he realized the real reason the knothole has been sealed off is not because the try is dying, but because Mr. Radley is trying to eliminate boo communicating with anyone, and Jem begins to pity him being so lonely. Jem draws the conclusion that his family must be ashamed of Boo, which is something Jem doesn’t have to live with. Fortunately Jem has a loving family. This shows Jem’s maturity, he’s thinking of someone other than himself. 19) How do people react to the fire at Miss Maudie’s house?The fire shows how the town responds when someone needs help. All of the men in the town show up to help. You can also see how small and poor the town is for one reason the fire consumes the house is that the old fire truck â€Å"killed by the cold, was being pushed from town by a crowd of men. † We can conclude that the community can be very selfless and caring. 20) What characteristics does Miss Maudie show following the fire? She returned to her normal business and was still happy, even with all the terribly traumatic events that just happened.